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APPENDIX: Telescope system specifications

                 D=diameter   f=f.l./D   K=conic   R=surface radius   S=separation   M=medium   A=air   RI=best image curvature   A4/A6=aspheric coefficients  T=tilt (deg.)

NEWTONIAN

D

f/

R1

K1

S1

M1

R2

K2

T2

S2

M2

RI

1. Sphere

6"

8.15

97.8

0

42

A

∞

0

~45

6.9

A

-48.9

2. Paraboloid

6"

8.15

97.8

-1

42

A

∞

0

~45

6.9

A

-48.9

TWO-MIRROR	Dmm	f/	R1	K1	S1	M1	R2	K2	S2	M2	R3	K3	S3	M3	RI
1. Classical Cassegrain	400	15	-2400	-1	-960	A	-600	-2.25	1200	A	-	-	-	-	-256
2. Classical Gregory	400	15	-2400	-1	-1600	A	666.7	-0.444	2000.6	A	-	-	-	-	390
3. Aplanatic Cassegrain	400	8	-2400	-1.135	-807.3	A	-1256.7	-6.55	1047.23	A	-	-	-	-	-412
4. Aplanatic Gregorian	400	8	-1200	-0.9828	-800	A	337	-0.5	1069.84	A	-	-	-	-	182
5. Aplanatic Gregorian	400	8	-2400	-0.8825	-2060	A	1251	-0.27	2293.95	A	-	-	-	-	780
6. Dall-Kirkham	400	8	-2400	-0.5972	-791	A	-1309	0	1090.9	A	-	-	-	-	-690
7. 3R Gregorian	400	3	-1474	-0.429	-1069	A	1044	-6.62	1069	A	-1474	-0.429	1069	A	-215
#7 is 2-mirror 3-reflection system

THREE-MIRROR	Dmm	f/	R1	K1	S1	M1	R2	K2	S2	M2	R3	K3	S3	M3	RI
1. Paul-Baker	300	3	-1800	-1	-625	A	-550	0	550	A	-550	0	-275	A	-900
2. Paul-Baker	300	3	-1250	-1	-434	A	-381.94	-0.6651	550	A	-550	0	-275	A	∞
3. FAA1	300	3	-2000	-0.95	-1088.2	A	-284	0	223.8	A	-331	0	-408.52	A	∞
4. FA	300	3.9	-2520	-1	-1370.9	A	-362.9	0	284.8	A	-423.9	0	-529	A	∞
5. FAA2	304	3	-1189	-0.806	-519.5	A	-206.5	0	700	A	-250	-0.4631	176.93	A	∞
6. Cassegrain-Gregorian, 3A*	300	4.25	-1800	0	-825	A	380	0	340	A	-380	-0.396	-565.16	A	333
7. Cassegrain-Gregorian, 3AA*	400	10.6	-2400	-0.727	-900	A	-2400	0	720	A	-465	-0.576	-850.29	A	-237
*folded; uses small flat in the focal zone of the primary

TILTED

D

f/

R1

K1

T1

S1

M1

R2

K2

T2

S2

M2

R3

K3

T3

S3

M3

RI

1. Stevick*

8"

11.7

188

-1

3.1

-55.625

A

-76.75

0

-5.346**

76.75

A

-76.75

0

-2.25

-38.575

A

-94**

*source: WinSpot    ** negative value is for the counterclockwise tilt

REFRACTOR	Dmm	f/	R1	S1	M1	R2	S2	M2	R3	S3	M3	R4	S4	M4	RI
1. Fraunhofer doublet*	100	15	911.25	13.7	BK7	-532	0	A	-538.9	10	F2	-2214	1487.9	A	-558
1. Apo doublet*	100	10	478.75	18.52	S-FPL52	-209.9	3.44	A	-209.6	10	ZKN7	-1838.7	972.34	A	-343
*source: ATMOS

SUBAPERTURE_CAT'S	D	f/	8R18	8K1	S1	M1	88R288	S2	M2	R3	S3	M3	00R40	0S4	M4	80R508	S5	M5	RI
1. Tele-extender corrector, Newton	200mm	4/8/4	-1600	-1	-754	A	-660	-6	F2	39	-0.15	A	38	-4	BK7	-30	-81.9	A	-300
2. Menisc. coma corr.	200mm	4	-1600	-1	-604	A	107	-14	BK7	107	-196	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	180
3. Menisc. sphere corr.	200mm	5	-2000	0	-764	A	89	-21.2	BK7	93.6	-250.9	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	150
4. Jones-Bird*	200mm	5.9	-1563	0	-610	A	331.7	-5	BK7	-174.1	-0.6	A	-104	-6.6	F2	-178.1	-245.5	A	70
5. Rosin astrograph**	10"	4	-90	-1.408	-40.77	A	-2.392	.35	SF11	-1.965	.28	A	55.14	0.35	BK7	6.786	3	A	∞
6. Sphere corrector	200mm	5	-2000	0	-740	A	-500	-6	K11	0	-2	A	500	-5	K11	0	-247.2	A	∞
7. Wynne	625mm	3.3	-3750	-1	-1693	A	-71.6	-4.9	NBK7	-93.3	-46.4	A	-152	-2	N-BK7	-56.5	-104.3	A
							R6 -103.74	S6 -6	M6 NBK7	R7 0	S7 -34.32	M7 A	-	-	-	-	-	-	∞
8. Dall-Kirkham w/sub-aperture corrector	250mm	10	-1800	-0.69	-603	A	928.12	602.5	A	0	4.38	BK7	140	3.75	A	0	6.25	BK7
	R5/ S5  / M5 ⇒  -140  / 219.35 /  A																		-1250
9. All-spherical     Gregorian	200mm	17.9	-1600	0	-1067	A	440	260	A	166	8	BK7	-200	2.7	A	-166	5	BK6
	R6 / S6  / M6 / RI  ⇒  200  / 894.54 /  A  / ∞
10. Gregorian w/sub-      aperture corrector	200mm	19.7	-1600	-0.58	-1067	A	447	260	A	177	8	BK7	-200	2.8	A	-177	5	BK6
	R6 / S6  / M6 / RI  ⇒  200  / 1012.1 /  A  / ∞
11. Gregorian w/sub-     aperture Schmidt corr.	8in	11.4	R1/K1	S1	M1	R2	K2	S2	M2	R3	S3	M3	A4 **	A6	A8	R4	S4	M4	RI
			-33.333/0	-21.666	A	8.563	-0.34	5.066	A	0	0.166	BK7	0.00371	1.36E-5	4.374E-6	-150	22.72	A	6.2
12. Gregorian w/sub-     aperture Schmidt corr.	12in	11.2	R1/K1	S1	M1	R2	K2	S2	M2	R3	A4	A6	A8	S3	M3
			-50/0	-32.5	A	12.845	-0.3	7.6	A	125	- 0.001494	9.6E-7	6.4E-7	0.175	BK7
										R4	A4	A6	A8	S4	M4	R5	S4	M4	RI
										-125	0.001494	-9.6E-7	-6.4E-7	0.35	BAF51	0	32.99	A	9.5
*source: Telescope Optics Rutten/Venrooij       **The coefficients are for the rear corrector surface

CATADIOPTRIC                             DIALYTES	Dmm	f/	8R18	S1	M1	R2	S2	M2	R3	S3	M3	R4	0S4	0M4	R5	S5	M5	R6	S6	M6	R7	S7	M7	RI
1. Hamiltonian, f/12	150	12	812	15	BK7	6228	921	A	-562	10	F2	-1482	-10	F2	-562	-935.3	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	2500
2. Hamiltonian, f/7.6	150	7.6	777	15	BK7	4660	827	A	-561	11	F2	-1142	-10	F2	-561	-583.7	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	2000
3. Hamiltonian w/corrector	150	7.4	808	15	BK7	6195	900	A	-560	10	F2	-1470	-10	F2	-560	-800	A	-70	-7	F2	0	-38.5	A	300
4. Honders-Riccardi, f/3.7	300	3.7	4315	32	BK7	-7360	927.6	A	-1268	32	BK7	-2109	-32	BK7	-1268	-945.2	A	-332	-15	BK7	-7360	-131.3	A	∞
5. Honders-Riccardi, f/7.4	300	7.4	8630	22	BK7	-14700	1860	A	-2560	20	BK7	-4210	-20	BK7	-2560	-1940	A	-670	-5	BK7	-14,000	-271.4	A	∞

SCHMIDT CORRECTOR	Dmm	f/	R1	S1	M1	R2	A4**	A6	NZ	S2	M2	R3	K3	S3	M3	R4	K4	S4	M4	RI
1..Schmidt_camera	200	2.4	∞	4	BK7	-60,800	5.36E-10	8.9E-16	0.866	960	A	-960	0	-478.03	A	-	-	-	-	-486
2. Schmidt camera	200	2.4	∞	4	BK7	-96,800	5.39E-10	8.9E-16	0.707	960	A	-960	0	-478.75	A	-	-	-	-	-478
3. Vaisala-Schmidt	200	2	∞	5	BK7	-54,000	9.27E-10	2.16E-15	0.707	800	A	-800	0	-394.5	A	-133	0	K11	A	∞
4. Schmidt camera	200	2.6	∞	4	BK7	-114,000	4.45E-10	6.6E-16	0.707	1024	A	-1024	0	-510.8	A	-	-	-	-	-516
5. Wright camera	200	2.4	∞	5	BK7	-29,600	1.07E-9	1.3E-15	0.866	80	A	-960	1	-475.96	A	-	-	-	-	-478
6. Schmidt-Newton	200	4	∞	5	BK7	-440,000	1.18E-10	2.5E-17	0.707	700	A	-1600	0	-799.2	A	-	-	-	-	-2160
7. SCT (Fig. 110a)	200	10	∞	5	BK7	-76,000	6.72E-10	3.7E-16	0.707	325	A	-800	0	-300	A	-250	0	473.79	A	-230
8. SCT Fig. 137a / 132d	200	10	∞	5	BK7	-160,000	3.13E-10	6E-17	0.707	375	A	-1000	0	-350	A	-400	0	587.2	A	-360
9. SCT (aplanatic)	300	8	∞	5	BK7	-100,000	2.28E-10	3.76E-17	0.707	455	A	-1200	0	-432	A	-443	-1.2	664.61	A	-260
10. SCT (Fig. 140a)	200	10	∞	5	BK7	-285,000	1.8E-10	6E-17	0.707	450	A	-1200	0	-420	A	-510	0	604.46	A	-440
11. Schmidt-Baker, long	300	3.3	∞	7.5	BK7	-133,000	1.637E-10	1.1E-16	0.707	1357	A	-1200	0	-360	A	-1200	0	396.1	A	∞
12. Concentric SC camera	300	4.7	∞	7.5	BK7	-152,000	1.484E-10	9E-17	0.707	1200	A	-1200	0	-360	A	-840	0	553.34	A	-1400
13. Flat-field SC camera	300	3.3	∞	7.5	BK7	-140,000	1.61E-10	1.1E-16	0.707	1345	A	-1200	0	-360	A	-1140	0	410.47	A	∞
14. Schmidt-Baker, short	300	5	∞	7.5	BK7	-140,000	1.622E-10	1.27E-16	0.707	900	A	-1800	1.8	-540	A	-1800	16.5	591.7	A	∞
*NZ=neutral zone   **E, or Exp indicates the needed power of 10 to produce very large, or very small number; example: 2E-9=2x10-9=2x1/109

MENISCUS_CORRECTOR	Dmm	f/	R1	S1	M1	R2	S2	M2	R3	K3	S3	M3	R4	K4	S4	M4	RI
1. Maksutov camera	200	2.6	-224	20.7	BK7	-236.176	631	A	-1063	0	-545.144	A	-	-	-	-	-584
2. Maksutov-Newton *	204	4	-307.3	20	S-BSL7	-319.053	643	A	-1627	0	-830.42	A	-	-	-	-	-1780
3. MCT (Fig. 114b)	200	10	-248.2	25	BK7	-262.9	370	A	-1000	0	-370	A	-374	0	587.89	A	-390
4. MCT Fig. 140e / 132e	200	10	-282.15	25	BK7	-296.7	444	A	-1200	0	-444	A	-478	0	577.74	A	-460
5. MC2.9 (Fig. 115)	200	2.9	-251.4	25	BK7	-266	792	A	-1200	0	-616.228	A	-	-	-	-	-660
6. MC4.9 (Fig. 115)	200	4.9	-357.5	20	BK7	-369.2	850	A	-2000	0	-1018.83	A	-	-	-	-	-1960
7. MCT (Fig.119a)	200	17	-272.4	25	BK7	-287	495	A	-1200	0	-495	A	-287	0	698.9	A	-280
8. MCT (Fig. 119b)	200	10	-283.7	25	BK7	-298.3	440	A	-1200	0	-438	A	-495	0	597.9	A	-480
*flat omitted;  source: ATMOS

HOUGHTON_CORRECTOR	Dmm	f/	R1	S1	M1	_R2_	S2	M2	∞R3∞	S3	M3	R4	S4	M4	_R5_	S5	M5	R6	S6	M6	RI
1. HC camera (plano)	200	2.5	767	12	BK7	0	7	A	-767	5	BK7	0	250	A	-1000	-497.7	A	-	-	-	∞
2. Houghton-Newtonian*	200	5	1525	12	BK7	0	4	A	-1525	8	BK7	0	850	A	-2000	-998.4	A	-	-	-	-3000
3. HCT(aplanatic Fig. 132a)	200	10	685	20	BK7	-789	1.5	A	-685	8	BK7	789	375	A	-1000	-348.1	A	-400	578.57	A	-360
4. HCT (Fig.132b)	200	10	2140	14.5	BK7	-1190	2.5	A	-766	10	BK7	0	365	A	-1000	-360	A	-372	554.53	A	-320
5. HCT (Fig.132c)	200	10	884	12.1	BK7	0	5.8	A	-884	8	BK7	0	375	A	-1000	-350	A	-400	581.3	A	-360
6. HCT (aplanatic Fig. 133c)	200	9.9	964	14	BK7	-1265	1.4	A	-964	5	BK7	1265	430	A	-1200	-415.4	A	-527.5	597.48	A	-440
7. HCT**  Fig. 133d	200	10	1094	14.5	BK7	-1930	2	A	-1094	10	BK7	1930	420	A	-1200	-413.7	A	-530.3	611.41	A	-447
8. HCT (plano Fig. 136a)	200	9.9	884	12.1	BK7	0	5.8	A	-884	8	BK7	0	375	A	-1000	-350	A	-400	581.3	A	-360
9. HCT camera (Fig. 136b)	200	5	1000	13	BK7	0	7	A	-1000	5	BK7	0	253	A	-1000	-253	A	-1000	484	A	-700
10. HCT camera (plano)	200	4.7	953	13	BK7	0	7	A	-953	8	BK7	0	300	A	-1000	-280	A	-940	409.5	A	-600
11. HCT (plano Fig. 136c)	200	8.2	885	12.4	BK7	0	6	A	-885	8	BK7	0	370	A	-1000	-350	A	-430	483	A	-400
12. HCT achr.	200	10	685	20	BK7	-783	1.5	A	-685	8	BK8	783	375	A	-1000	-348.1	A	-400	578.57	A	-360
13. HCT achr.	200	10	682	20	BK7	-784	3.5	A	-682	8	BK8	784	375	A	-1000	-348.1	A	-400	578.57	A	-360
14. HCT (Fig. 140b)	200	10	1063	12.1	BSL7Y	0	4.8	A	-1063	8	BK7	0	450	A	-1200	-420	A	-512	594	A	-440
15. HCT (Fig. 140c)**	200	10	2327	12	BSL7Y	-784	2.2	A	-1646	9	BK7	0	420	A	-1200	-413.7	A	-530.3	615.37	A	-447
16. HCT (Fig. 140d)	200	9.8	975	14	BSL12	-1265	2.5	A	-975	9	PK3	1265	430	A	-1200	-415	A	-540	597.62	A	-460
17. HCT (designing)	200	10.5	739	15	BK7	-851	4	A	-739	8	BK7	851	420	A	-1200	-403	A	-418	565.94	A	-440
18. HCT Fig.138/139	200	9.75	940	12.1	BK7	0	6	A	-940	9	BK7	0	375	A	-1000	-350	A	-400	150	A
	corrector:		326	5	BK7	0	1.5	A	-326	4	BK7	0	417.18	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-550
19. HC camera Fig. 128a	200	2.5	783	12	BK7	0	10	A	-783	8	BK7	0	380	A	-1000	-390	A
	corrector:		-783	-5	BK7	0	-2	A	783	-4	BK7	0	-99.32	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-1000
20. HC camera Fig. 128b	200	2.5	781	12	BK7	0	8.6	A	-781	8	BK7	0	415	A	-1000	-430	A
	corrector:		-405	-5	BK7	0	-2	A	405	-4	BK7	0	-59.46	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-480
21. HC camera Fig. 129A	200	4.3	914	12	BSL22	0	17	A	-914	9	BK7	0	326	A	-970	-274	A	-970	286	A
	corrector:		397	7	BK7	0	2	A	-397	5	BK7	0	69.33	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	∞
22. HC camera Fig. 129B	200	4.3	900	15	BK7	0	15	A	-900	10	BK7	0	480	A	-900	-425	A	-900	245	A
	corrector:		-97.5	7.8	BK7	-100.88	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	128.12	A	∞
23. HC f/3  Fig.126b	200	3	940	12	BK7	-1200	5	A	-940	8	BK7	1200	360	A	-1200	-598.5	A	-	-	-	∞
24. HC f/3  Fig.126a	200	3	922	12	BK7	0	5.5	A	-922	10	BK7	0	300	A	-1000	-598.45	A	-	-	-	∞
25. Houghton-Newtonian	200	5	1614	12	BK7	-5370	5	A	-1614	8	BK7	5370	800	A	-2000	-998.26	A	-	-	-	∞
*flatt omitted    ** source: ATMOS

TELESCOPE_EYEPIECES		f(mm)	FD*	R1	S1	M1	R2	S2	M2	R3	S3	M3	R4	S4	M4	R5	S5	M5	R6	S6	M6	RI
1. Huygens		20	13.4	14	3	BK7	0	20.3	A	7	2	BK7	0	3	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	24
2. Ramsden		20	4	0	4	BK7	-14	18	A	14	2.5	BK7	0	8	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	60
3. Monocentric		20	8.3	11.6	6.3	F2	5.3	10.6	BK7	-5.3	6.3	F2	-11.6	9	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	18
4. Kellner		20	5.8	0	3.8	BAK2	-17	16	A	14	6	BAK2	-10	1.4	F4	0	9.5	A	-	-	-	100
5. König	astigmatic	20	12.9	-31.9	1.5	SF4	15.2	6.1	SK10	-18.2	0.1	A	20.5	3.8	SK2	64.6	21.3	A	-	-	-	230
	comatic	20	12.9	-42.5	1.9	SF4	15.8	5	SK10	-19.3	0.13	A	20.8	6	SK2	86.6	7.6	A	-	-	-	-36
6. Erfle		20	11.6	-55	1.7	SF12	22.6	6.6	PSK3	-30	0.1	A	41	6.6	FK5	-41	0.1	A	19	6.6	PSK3
		R7 /S7 /M7  -  R8 /S8 /M8⇒  -29/1.7/SF10  - 166/ 15/A																				100
7. Abbe		20	11.2	26.7	7.1	BAF5	-16	1.8	SF14	16	7.1	SK7	-24.9	0.1	A	26.7	4.45	SF10	0	16.4	A	60
8. Plössl		20	14.3	0	1.8	SF19	18.4	7.4	SK11	-19.3	0.1	A	19.3	6.4	SK11	-18.4	1.8	SF19	0	15.6	A	70
9. Achromat pair		20	14.7	0	2	F4	19	6	BaK2	-19	0.1	A	19	6	BaK2	-19	2	F4	0	18	A	∞
10. Single lens pair		20	20.2	0	3	BK7	-21	0.1	A	21	3	BK7	0	20	A						-	24
*Front distance: field lens front surface to objective's image separation (last separation S is the eye relief)

Human Eye: Optical model

Dmm

f/

R1

S1

M1

R2

S2

M2

R3

S3

M3

R4

S4

M4

R5

S5

M5

R6

S6

M6

RI

1-7

20-3

7.3

0.45

Silica

5.6

2.8

Water

0*

0

Water

500**

0.6

Pyrex

2.6

4

Silica

-6.3

~20

Water

-12.5

*aperture stop    **cylinder